Is a gap year necessary for high school graduates

Sauropods - The Biggest Dinosaurs Think about the word dinosaur, and two pictures are probably going to ring a bell: a growling Velociraptor chasing for grub, or a goliath, delicate, since quite a while ago necked Brachiosaurus lethargically culling the leaves off the highest points of trees. From numerous points of view, the sauropods (of which Brachiosaurus was an unmistakable model) are more captivating than renowned predators like Tyrannosaurus Rex or Spinosaurus. By a long shot the biggest earthbound animals ever to wander the earth, sauropods stretched into various genera and species through the span of 100 million years, and their remaining parts have been uncovered on each mainland, including Antarctica. (See an exhibition of sauropod pictures and profiles.) So what, precisely, is a sauropod? Some specialized subtleties aside, scientistss utilize this word to depict huge, four-legged, plant-eating dinosaurs having enlarged trunks, long necks and tails, and minuscule heads with equivalently little minds (actually, sauropods may have been the most idiotic of the considerable number of dinosaurs, with a littler encephalization remainder than even stegosaurs or ankylosaurs). The name sauropod itself is Greek for reptile foot, which strangely considered as a part of these dinosaurs least instinctive qualities. Similarly as with any expansive definition, however, there are some significant buts and howevers. Not all sauropods had long necks (witness the strangely shortened Brachytrachelopan), and not all were the size of houses (one as of late found family, Europasaurus, appears to have just been about the size of an enormous bull). All in all, however, the vast majority of the old style sauropodsfamiliar monsters like Diplodocus and Apatosaurus (the dinosaur recently known as Brontosaurus)followed the sauropod body plan to the Mesozoic letter. Sauropod Evolution Supposedly, the primary genuine sauropods, (for example, Vulcanodon and Barapasaurus) emerged around 200 million years back, during the right on time to center Jurassic period. Going before, however not straightforwardly identified with, these larger measured monsters were littler, sporadically bipedal prosauropods (before the sauropods) like Anchisaurus and Massospondylus, which were themselves identified with the soonest dinosaurs. (In 2010, scientistss uncovered the unblemished skeleton, complete with skull, of one of the most punctual genuine sauropods, Yizhousaurus, and another competitor from Asia, Isanosaurus, rides the Triassic/Jurassic limit.) Sauropods arrived at the pinnacle of their greatness close to the furthest limit of the Jurassic time frame, 150 million years back. Completely developed grown-ups had a generally simple ride, since these 25-or 50-ton behemoths would have been for all intents and purposes insusceptible to predation (in spite of the fact that its conceivable that packs of Allosaurus may have picked on a grown-up Diplodocus), and the hot, vegetation-stifled wildernesses covering the vast majority of the Jurassic mainlands gave a consistent gracefully of food. (Infant and adolescent sauropods, just as debilitated or matured people, would obviously have made prime pickings for hungry theropod dinosaurs.) The Cretaceous time frame saw a moderate slide in sauropod fortunes; when the dinosaurs all in all went wiped out 65 million years prior, just daintily reinforced however similarly enormous titanosaurs, (for example, Titanosaurus and Rapetosaurus) were left to represent the sauropod family. Frustratingly, while scientistss have recognized many titanosaur genera from around the globe, the absence of completely enunciated fossils and the uncommonness of flawless skulls implies that much about these brutes is still covered in secret. We do know, notwithstanding, that numerous titanosaurs had simple covering platingclearly a developmental adjustment to predation by enormous flesh eating dinosaursand that the greatest titanosaurs, as Argentinosaurus, were considerably greater than the greatest sauropods. Sauropod Behavior and Physiology As befitting their size, sauropods were eating machines: grown-ups needed to scarf down many pounds of plants and leaves each day so as to fuel their gigantic mass. Contingent upon their weight control plans, sauropods came outfitted with two essential sorts of teeth: either level and spoon-formed (as in Camarasaurus and Brachiosaurus), or dainty and peglike (as in Diplodocus). Probably, spoon-toothed sauropods remained alive on harder vegetation that necessary all the more impressive techniques for pounding and biting. Thinking by similarity with present day giraffes, most scientistss accept sauropods developed their ultra-long necks so as to arrive at the high leaves of trees. In any case, this brings up the same number of issues as it answersâ since siphoning blood to a stature of 30 or 40 feet would strain even the greatest, most strong heart. One dissident scientist has even recommended that the necks of certain sauropods contained strings of assistant hearts, sort of like a Mesozoic basin detachment, however deficient with regards to strong fossil proof, not many specialists are persuaded. This carries us to the topic of whether sauropods were warm-blooded, or wanton like current reptiles. For the most part, even the most fervent promoters of warm-blooded dinosaurs chill out with regards to sauropodsâ since recreations show that these larger than average creatures would have heated themselves from within, similar to potatoes, on the off chance that they produced a lot of inward metabolic vitality. Today, the pervasiveness of conclusion is that sauropods were inhumane homeothermsthat is, they figured out how to keep up a close steady internal heat level since they heated up gradually during the day and chilled similarly gradually around evening time. Sauropod Paleontology Its one of the oddities of current fossil science that the biggest creatures that at any point lived have left the most inadequate skeletons. While scaled down dinosaurs like Microraptor will in general fossilize across the board piece, total sauropod skeletons are uncommon on the ground. Further entangling issues, sauropod fossils are frequently found without their heads, due to an anatomical peculiarity in how these dinosaurs skulls were joined to their necks (their skeletons were additionally effortlessly disarticulated, that is, stomped on to pieces by living dinosaurs or shaken separated by geographical movement). The jigsaw-puzzle-like nature of sauropod fossils has enticed scientistss into a reasonable number of obscured rear entryways. Regularly, an enormous tibia will be promoted as having a place with a totally new family of sauropod, until its decided (in view of progressively complete investigation) to have a place with a plain old Cetiosaurus. (This is the explanation the sauropod once known as Brontosaurus is today called Apatosaurus: Apatosaurus was named first, and the dinosaur in this manner got Brontosaurus ended up being a, well, you know.) Even today, a few sauropods wait under a haze of doubt; numerous specialists accept that Seismosaurus was actually a curiously enormous Diplodocus, and proposed genera like Ultrasauros have been basically undermined inside and out. This disarray about sauropod fossils has additionally brought about some renowned disarray about sauropod conduct. At the point when the primary sauropod bones were found, well more than one hundred years back, scientistss accepted they had a place with antiquated whalesand for a couple of decades, it was trendy to picture Brachiosaurus as a semi-amphibian animal that meandered lake bottoms and stuck its head out of the outside of the water to relax! (a picture that has helped fuel pseudo-logical theory about the genuine provenance of the Loch Ness Monster).

Important Role In Job Design Management

Significant Role In Job Design Management The subject which I decide for my exploration is the effect of occupation improvement and broadening on representative inspiration and execution. I expect to discover the components which assume a significant job in Job plan which is established of occupation improvement and occupation broadening with the goal that they could best inspire workers and thusly empowers them give their best execution. Association is the quality of any business. The more sorted out and proficient the various segments in the business are, the better it capacities and produces. Subsequently employments must be extended and improved remembering what is best in light of a legitimate concern for an association. I might want to make reference to here what is work advancement and employment augmentation. What are their Pros and Cons, and their viability? Occupation advancement essentially alludes to the idea of progress in work or an expansion with the assistance of updating and improvement. For instance in the event that you are a typist by work enhancement you should type and edit too. It additionally worries upon the idea of representative fulfillment in regard to their position and self-improvement potential. Employment improvement includes sorting out and arranging in orderã‚â to deal with their obligations and work as a director. The execution of plans and evaluationã‚â of results spurs laborers and eases weariness. Occupation expansion then again implies including more obligations or expanding the remaining task at hand to a similar activity. It gives the opportunity of upgrade and greater profitability for workers. For instance on the off chance that you are a typist and you type 20 pages for every day by work expansion you should type 30 pages for each day. Occupation growth is a vehicle businesses use to put extra r emaining burden on workers, maybe in affordable personal time. By including or expanding the obligations representatives are likewise getting an opportunity of upgrade and greater profitability. In abstract terms work broadening is the development of employment setting to incorporate a more extensive assortment of assignments and to build the laborers opportunity of pace, duty regarding checking quality and tact for strategy. In this manner to sum up the significant contrasts between the two we can express that activity improvement, when contrasted with work broadening, incorporates more obligations and duties, yet additionally gives the privilege of dynamic and control. Aside from that activity augmentation is level where as employment improvement is vertical development of work. Be that as it may, both the powers Job augmentation and occupation improvement are valuable for spurring laborers to play out their undertakings eagerly. It is through occupation structure associations att empt to raise profitability levels by offering non financial rewards, for example, more noteworthy fulfillment. Occupation improvement and employment extension are such procedures utilized in work configuration work out. Explanation of issue Occupation configuration is the deliberately arranged organizing of work exertion performed by a person. There is expanding proof that ineffectively structured occupations now a days is a determined social issue influencing the presentation of workers. Legitimization for the point I pick this subject because due to the reality to distinguish factors which assume significant job in work structure with the goal that it could best propel the representatives and consequently they give best execution. Extent of study The extent of the examination is center around the effect of occupation improvement and occupation augmentation and how workers react to it as far as their exhibition and how spurred they get. Back ground Information Employment plan with the idea of occupation enhancement and employment expansion came to fruition with fast mechanical headways at the turn of the twentieth century when large scale manufacturing and sequential construction system activities rose. As occupations keep on getting progressively modern and particular, the requirement for an informed and spurred workforce has gotten vital. The idea of work and its association has intrigued chiefs, financial specialists and social researchers for whatever length of time that individuals have been utilized by others to take part in gainful movement. Supervisors have to a great extent been keen on boosting yield from accessible assets. Financial experts and social researchers have brought up issues about the association of work corresponding to issues of the individual and society all in all. It is likewise significant for the HR divisions of associations to comprehend the significance of employment plan. Also structured occupations help to achieve two significant objectives: completing the important work in an ideal and skilled way, and propelling and testing representatives. As indicated by Hackman and Lawler (1971) work will be inspiring and characteristically just on the off chance that it high on every one of the five of the center measurements which are ability, assortment, independence, task recognize and criticism. It is at exactly that point that a representative would perform superior to anticipated. Related definitions Employment plan: It alludes to the way toward deciding precisely what a worker does at work: the errands, obligations, duties, dynamic and the degree of power. Employment enhancement: Employment enhancement includes newã‚â sourcesã‚â ofã‚â job satisfactionã‚â by expanding the level ofã‚â responsibilityã‚â of theã‚â employee. It is likewise calledã‚â job enhancementã‚â orã‚â vertical work extension. Occupation expansion: Occupation designã‚â techniqueã‚â in which the number ofã‚â tasksã‚â associatedã‚â with aã‚â job is expanded and appropriateã‚â trainingã‚â provided to mix it up toã‚â activities, therefore lessening repetitiveness. It is a horizontalã‚â restructuringã‚â methodã‚â in that the activity is augmented by including related assignments. Employment expansion may alsoã‚â resultã‚â in greaterã‚â workforce adaptability. Employment association: The degree, to which a worker relates to his activity, effectively takes part in it, and considers his activity execution essential to his self-esteem. Inside inspiration: Students are roused from inside by close to home needs or needs that are sure in nature, for example, a longing to succeed or love of learning. High resolve: High resolve is an idea that states high enthusiastic or state of mind as for gladness and certainty. Employment execution: Employment execution is a normally utilized, yet ineffectively characterized idea in mechanical and authoritative brain science, the part of brain research that manages the work environment. It most normally alludes to whether an individual plays out their activity well. In spite of the disarray over how it ought to be actually characterized, execution is a critical model that identifies with authoritative results and achievement. Issue improvement The motivation behind why I am leading this exploration is to pass judgment on the effect of occupation improvement and employment expansion on representative execution. As we realize that the ideas of occupation structure that incorporate advancement and amplification are not broadly utilized in Pakistan, along these lines this exploration will give a legitimate point of view on how work improvement and broadening impacts worker execution. Furthermore on account of the way that whether these ideas of occupation configuration will be useful to persuade workers, increment representative execution and efficiency. Writing survey Employment structure and its methodologies are generally considered to have started with logical administration in the year 1900. Spearheading logical administrators, for example, Taylor (1947), Gilbreth (1911), and Gilbreth and Gilbreth (1917) methodicallly analyzed occupations with different strategies. They recommended that errand configuration may be the most noticeable component in logical administration. Robert A. Karasek (1971) portrayed a few ramifications of employment upgrade. He clarified that activity enhancement and occupation augmentation causes workers to grow new abilities and face new difficulties. Occupation enhancement uncommonly is the significant main impetus for the workers that inspire them to perform much better. It was additionally seen that all around planned occupations positively affect worker fulfillment and quality execution. Another significant factor worried upon by Robert A. Karasek was that a few workers don't have the inspiration that is dull to the advanced activity. This outcomes in less fulfillment and lower work yield. As indicated by Argyris (1964) and Blauner (1964) basic, everyday practice, non testing frequently produce disappointment and debilitation of laborers. They proposed that for ideal specialist inspiration errands ought to be broadened as opposed to disentangled. In a no. of various examinations it has been demonstrated occupation expansion positively affects inspiration and execution. Regarding the plan of individual occupations, the main significant hypothesis was that of Herzberg and his associates (Herzberg 1959). Their two-factor hypothesis recognized two kinds of components, to be specific helpers, which are natural for the work itself (for example accomplishment, acknowledgment, and duty), and cleanliness factors, which are extraneous to the work (for example work conditions, pay, and oversight). The recommendation was that the cleanliness factors are totally important to keep up the HR of an association. As indicated by Hertzbergs hypothesis, just a difficult activity has the open door for accomplishment, acknowledgment, progression and development that will inspire work force. As per Hackman and Lawler (1971) a vocation will be inspiring and basically fulfilling just on the off chance that it is high in every one of the 5 center measurements. The center measurements are self-sufficiency, task personality, input, assortment and expertise. It is at exactly that point an individual finds that performing great prompts significant natural rewards, for example, sentiment of uplifted confidence, self-awareness and worth wile achievements. At last it was recommended that solitary individuals who have powerful urge for higher request need fulfillment will react to employments that are high on all center measurements. That is except if laborers esteem sentiment of achievement and development; they will be probably not going to react emphatically to an occupation which is organized to give chances to their accomplishment through difficult work. I

Ethics, Business, and the Human Genome Project :: Genetics DNA Genes Science Essays

Morals, Business, and the Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project started in 1990, as a major aspect of a cooperative development by established researchers to all the more likely comprehend our own hereditary cosmetics. The U.S Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health organize this unique 15-year plan, which are portions of the National Human Genome Research Institute. The significant objectives refered to by these establishments is as per the following: Recognize all the assessed 100,000 qualities in the human genome. Guide the three billion concoction bases that make up human DNA. Store this mapped data in databases around the world. Grow far superior devices for sequencing and examination. Address the numerous moral, lawful and social issues that accompany this undertaking. The discussion over the significance of a Human Genome Project can be cleared up by taking a gander at what the human genome really is, and why realizing its DNA arrangement can be helpful to the logical and the human network. The human genome is comprised of around three billion base sets, which contain around 100,000 qualities. The 100,000 qualities in the 46 human chromosomes just record for a little aggregate of the DNA in our genome. Around 10 percent of our DNA make up these qualities in our genome, these qualities are what is really encoded for and utilized by our body to make fundamental proteins required for regular daily existence. The staying 90 percent of our three billion base sets are rehashed successions between qualities that don't encode for a specific item. These rehashed arrangements represent the motivation behind why 99 percent of any people DNA is indistinguishable from another human's (1). With this information numerous individuals trust it does not merit the t ime or cash to succession the whole human genome when just a little percent is utilized to encode for proteins. Notwithstanding, by sequencing the entire genome analysts will no longer need to do a needle in the bundle sort of quest for little qualities, similar to the one found on chromosome four that is answerable for Huntington's malady (4). Additionally, realizing the total human DNA grouping will permit researchers to decide the job and significance of the rehashed DNA, non-protein encoding, successions in our body. The Human Genome Project has exposed the significance of single nucleotide polymorphism's (SNPs), which happen each 100 to 300 bases (1). A solitary nucleotide variety in the DNA grouping can majorly affect how people respond to microscopic organisms, infections and medication treatment.

Philosophical Quotes on Violence

Philosophical Quotes on Violence What is brutality? What's more, as needs be, in what manner ought to peacefulness be comprehended? While I have composed various articles on these and related themes, it is valuable to take a gander at how savants have combined their perspectives on brutality. Here is a determination of statements, sifted through into points. Voices on Violence Frantz Fanon: Violence is man re-making himself.George Orwell: We rest safe in our beds since harsh men stand prepared in the night to visit savagery on the individuals who might do us harm.Thomas Hobbes: in any case, I put for a general tendency of all humanity an unending and eager want of a great many forces, that ceaseth just in death. Furthermore, the reason for this isn't generally that a man seeks after a more escalated charm than he has just accomplished, or that he can't be content with a moderate force, but since he can't guarantee the force and intends to live well, which he hath present, without the securing of more.Niccolà ² Machiavelli: Upon this, one needs to comment that men should either to be very much treated or squashed, on the grounds that they can vindicate themselves of lighter wounds, of progressively genuine ones they can't; consequently the injury that will be done to a man should be of such a sort, that one doesn't remain in dread of revenge.Niccolà ² Mac hiavelli: I state that each sovereign must want to be viewed as kind and not pitiless. He should, be that as it may, take care not to abuse this forgiveness. [†¦] A ruler, consequently, must wouldn't fret causing the charge of brutality to keep his subjects joined together and certain; for, with a not many models, he will be more tolerant than the individuals who, from abundance of delicacy, permit issue to emerge, from whence spring murders and rapine; for these generally speaking harm the entire network, while the executions did by the sovereign harm just a single individual [†¦] From this emerges the inquiry whether it is smarter to be adored more than dreaded, or dreaded more than cherished. The answer is, that one should be both dreaded and adored, however as it is hard for the two to go together, it is a lot more secure to be dreaded than cherished, in the event that one of the two must be needing. Against Violence Martin Luther Kind Jr.: a definitive shortcoming of brutality is that it is a sliding winding, siring the very thing it looks to demolish. Rather than decreasing abhorrence, it increases it. Through savagery you may kill the liar, yet you can't kill the untruth, nor set up reality. Through viciousness you may kill the hater, yet you don't kill despise. Truth be told, brutality only expands abhor. So it goes. Returning brutality for savagery duplicates viciousness, adding further haziness to a night effectively without stars. Murkiness can't drive out obscurity: no one but light can do that. Despise can't drive out abhor: no one but love can do that.Albert Einstein: Heroism by request, silly savagery, and all the pestilent hogwash that passes by the name of enthusiasm how I loathe them! War appears to me a mean, disgusting thing: I would prefer to be hacked in pieces than participate in such an accursed business.Fenner Brockway: I had since quite a while ago put on one side the ideali st conservative view that one ought to have nothing to do with a social insurgency if any savagery were included... In any case, the conviction stayed in my brain that any insurgency would neglect to build up opportunity and clique in relation to its utilization of viciousness, that the utilization of savagery unavoidably got its train control, restraint, remorselessness. Isaac Asimov: Violence is the last shelter of the uncouth.

Get A Variety Of Med School Admissions Essay Samples

Get A Variety Of Med School Admissions Essay SamplesIf you are preparing a perfect admissions essay for your upcoming medical school application, then you should use a decent essay writing service and have it done for you. There are plenty of these companies out there, and the competition for students to fill up the positions is at an all time high. It is no wonder that students are looking for the lowest price for the best writing services available.If you are a student who has applied to several med schools but has not been admitted, then it can be a really big challenge to face. You will be putting yourself in a bad position if you make the mistake of throwing your application to a single private school as the main source of the information. It is advisable that you write a couple of different essays to cover each of the med school admissions requirements.In fact, some schools will ask you to write a 'success story' type of essay. You may be writing this essay to demonstrate that you have made the most of the opportunities that you were given. While it may sound like a lot of work, if you do not know what to write about, you will probably not get very far.Med school admissions essay samples come in a wide variety of genres. There are standard applications that are designed to make it easy for students to fill out their application for med school. Then there are also more personalized types of essays that allow students to write about a specific incident that caused them to want to become a doctor.Many students get discouraged when they go online to find a college admissions essay writing service because they believe that all of these services are the same. You will find that some of the writing samples come with the standard introduction and a couple of paragraphs about the writer. However, others will come without any of these things included.The reason that you will find that some writing services only offer samples is because they want to make a living of f of people like you. These services know that they have a better chance of getting a good student if they only provide you with quality writing samples. As you know, when you are writing your admissions essay, you are most likely not going to have the chance to take a look at the writing samples that are offered to you by the college or school that you are applying to.You can find a lot of great writing samples on the Internet, and you can make sure that you are getting the highest quality writing service possible. If you spend time looking through these websites, you will see that most of them offer real samples for you to look over. This means that you can really take a good look at what you are about to write and make sure that it is written in a way that will impress your potential college or school.When it comes to med school admissions, your grades are almost as important as your personal statement. You are going to have to put in as much effort as possible in order to have y our writing sample essays accepted. With that being said, if you are in need of a good writing service to get some essay samples for your medical school applications, then it would be best to go online and start shopping around for different writing services.

Political Science Legislatures Reflection On Societies - 550 Words

Political Science: Legislature's Reflection On Societies (Essay Sample) Content: Political scienceInstitutionProfessorCourseDateLegislatures reflection on societiesIn focus of the legislatures better reflection on societies, it gives the facts that the legislature should have a better way of representing the gender, sex, the abilities of individuals and social class as well as indigent. In this case, I will reflect on the legislatures which are one of professional leading legislative organizations for the study of the political science. For example, the Latin American legislature is best which can better reflect on mentioned factors because it has the programs for serving the individuals the institutions and even the departments in concern with the political science (Tamerius 2010, 243). For instance, the American Political Science Association legislature has its duty in bringing all the political scientists together from different fields such as religion, occupation, and abilities. The supporting for is based on the three facts that its activitie s are endeavors for the deep understanding of the political science activities. Secondly gives the better understanding of the democracy among the individuals and lastly it gives the illustration of the citizenship in all countries across the world. Legislatures are the core factor for the democracy and civil law education (Franke 1995 45). The aim of the association is to bring the encouragement to the social class in regard to the political theories, political institutions, the public law, international relations and politics to all the individuals across the world. The legislatures should not aim at supporting any particular political or even the candidate. It does not have its commitment to the members on basis of the public policy or even taking a position on matters concerning the direct politics purpose. Legislatures should have a great encouragement of gender and sex as it gives the special concern on political as well as social challenges. The key factor and the mission of the legislature's staff are to have the enabling of the political scientist's good connection to the conducive environment for the research, teaching and even the practice of the political science related matters (Mathew De Hart 2012, 45-46). It keeps its efforts in ensuring that the necessary discipline concerning the sexual orientation is kept to the later. The president-elect of the association legislature Rogerss Smith says that the aim of the association is to have a task force for the new partnership. Currently, APSA legislature comes up will difference conferences which are held annually for the purpose of providing the environment for the scholars or any other political professionals kind of the network and connection of the ideas regarding the ethnicity. The meeting for the association is ranked as one of the worldwide meetings and in most cases; it is done on labor days. It has learning and teaching conference which works in a small group for hosting of the methodologies for the political science teaching in physical ability (Herrnson Lucas 2016, 69). The association provides the scholars with the effective and better ways of teachin...

Mans Discovery of Fossil Fuels Could Be His Downfall. Discus

Throughout the entire history of mankind, the technological advancements that civilisations have made have always been tied in with the development of energy sources. The first human energy technology was fire, along with human labour as the major energy source. This has bee supplemented by animals for agriculture and transportation since at least the dawn of agriculture some 10,000 years ago. Wind and waterpower for milling grain have also been used nearly as long. The development of the steam engine by George Stephenson in the late 1700#8217;s was the technological breakthrough that led to the industrial revolution. For the first time in human history transportation could be provided without the use of domesticated animals. Steam†¦show more content†¦By contrast in the poorest countries in the, such as Ethiopia, Kampuchea, Nepal and Bhutan, each person generally consumes less than one GJ per year. (W.Cunningham et al 1995). This means that on average, a person in a develop ed country uses almost as much energy in a single day, as a person in one of the above countries uses in a year. Clearly, there is a link between energy consumption and the comfort and convenience of our lives. The consumption of energy in developing countries is rising rapidly, and by the end of the next century will dominate energy markets worldwide. Even allowing for a growth rate in the demand for energy in the developing countries 1-2 % lower than the present trend, the demand is likely to exceed 100 million barrels a day oil equivalent (mbdoe) by 2010, and possibly 200 mbdoe (K.Pickering and L.Owen 1995). The reason coal, crude oil and natural gas are called fossil fuels is that all three were once living matter. Early in earth#8217;s biological history, photosynthesis outpaced the activity of consumers and decomposers. Consequently, large amounts of organic matter accumulated, especially on the bottoms of shallow seas and swamps. Gradually, this material was buried under sedi ments eroding from the land, and, over millions of years, was converted to either coal, crude oil or natural gas depending on the conditions underwhich it was subjected to. Formation of fossil fuels by natural

The Catcher in the Rye by JD Salinger A Review

The Catcher in the Rye Introduction The Catcher in the Rye, a novel by J. D. Salinger, was first published in 1951. The novel deals with the themes of identity, belonging, connection, and alienation. The protagonist, Holden Caulfield, is a cynical sixteen year-old with prematurely gray hair that makes him appear older than his age. Holden is caught at the awkward age between adolescence and adulthood as he searches for his identity. Set in the 1940s, the story begins with Holden recovering from a breakdown stemming from his expulsion from Pencey Prep School. He has already flunked out of three other schools. This man/child is torn between his desire to take on the trappings of adulthood and his desire to preserves the innocence of childhood. The title is a reference to the way Holden sees the world and his desire to preserve its purity. The scene in which the author reveals the source of the books title takes place in Chapter 22. Holden has left school and snuck back into his parents Manhattan apartment. He is speaking with his ten year old sister Phoebe in his older brothers bedroom. Phoebe is six years Holdens junior, yet in many aspects has a superior understanding of him and the ways of the world. She is distraught that Holden has been expelled from another school, Daddys going to kill you. Hes going to kill you (224). As way of explanation for his latest failure Holden tells his sister, It was one of the worst schools I ever went to. It was full ofShow MoreRelated Catcher in the Rye Essay: The Importance of Language1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Language in The Catcher in the Rye   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye has captured the spirit of adolescence, dramatizing Holden Caulfields vulgar language and melodramatic reactions. Written as the autobiographical account of a fictional teenage prep school student named Holden Caulfield, The Catcher in the Rye deals with material that is socially scandalous for the time (Gwynn, 1958). As an emotional, intelligent, and sensitive young man, Holden puts his innerRead MoreThe Importance of Censoring in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1145 Words   |  5 PagesJ.D. Salinger was an American author well known for his best seller The Catcher in the Rye, a considerably influential novel that portrayed the feelings of alienation that were experienced by adolescents in North America after World War II (J.D. Salinger Biography). Salinger’s work appeared in many magazines, including a series of short stories which inspired many new authors (J.D. Salinger Biography). His inspiration for Pencey Prep boarding school in The Catcher in the Rye stemmed from hisRead MoreCatcher in the Rye Abstract Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 2012 Novel Abstract: Catcher in the Rye Novel Title and Author: Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger Author’s Background: J.D. Salinger was born on January 1, 1919, in New York City, New York. Jerome David Salinger was born to Sol Salinger and his wife Miriam (J.D. Salinger). Though he was a bright young man, when he attended McBurney School, he ended up flunking out and was soon after sent to Valley Forge Military Academy in Wayne, Pennsylvania (J.D. Salinger). After graduating Valley ForgeRead MoreEtymology and Symbolism of Characters Names in Catcher in the Rye1967 Words   |  8 PagesNames in Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚  Ã‚   Catcher in the Ryes pallid cover, adorned only with seven multicolored bands in its upper-left corner, is not what one would call eye-catching. Its reverse side lacks criticisms or reviews of any sort; in fact, it is bare of anything except a copyright date. Human beings are advised not to judge books by their covers, rather that they should look further than the obvious and try to apprehend the implied meaning. The world has peered past Catcher in theRead MoreHow Can Adversity be Advantageous Essay569 Words   |  3 Pageshis skills at soccer. It shows that adversity can affect a people, but it cannot deeply affect a culture, a way of life. If nothing it strengthens it because of history and the importance of family and friends in times of adversity. Catcher in the Rye by JD Salinger, introduces us to Holden Caulfield is one of my favorite characters because of his immaturity and confusion, or lack of understanding of his own mind. He tends to change opinion, say strong remarks, and act very childish throughout theRead MoreCatcher in the Rye4413 Words   |  18 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye â€Å"Is The Catcher in the Rye, as a work of literature still relevant for today’s youth?† Name: Sara Sigurdson Course: English A1 Supervisor: Mr. Peter Steadman Word count: 3851 Candidate number: 00136022 Table of Contents Content Page Number Abstract 3 Introduction 4 The Actual Catcher in the Rye 4 The Sexual Matter 5 The Caulfield Family 6 Narrator and Protagonist 8 Role Model 9 Mr. Antolini 10 Targeted Audience 10 Guidance 12

The Ending of White Minority Rule in South Africa Essay

The Ending of White Minority Rule in South Africa Apartheid was a major historical event, and perhaps the biggest event in South Africa’s history. Apartheid is a policy of racial segregation, the word means ‘separateness’ in Afrikaans. It was introduced in 1948 by the white minority and made sure that the whites were superior in every possible way. However, the whites ruled over the blacks before this, using them as slaves for agricultural work and mining during the 1800s, and such racism was not new. Apartheid did not last for fifty years, and it was officially abolished in 1994. This was because the black people fought back, the most memorable and famous black person to do so being a man†¦show more content†¦The trial did not end until 1961 but he, and all the other defendants were found not guilty. After the Sharpeville massacre, the ANC and PAC (Pan-African Congress) were both banned. These two organisations then turned their thoughts to more violent means of protest – the ANC’s group was named ‘Umkhonto we Sizwe’, meaning ‘Spear of the Nation’ or MK for short. The commander-in-chief of this guerrilla army was Mandela. MK bombed government buildings and other targets such as pass offices, post offices and electricity pylons. Mandela was put on trial in 1962 for visiting other countries and drumming up support; for this he was charged with five years imprisonment. Later in the same year, the government passed a new law known as the Sabotage Act. This meant anyone found guilty of sabotage could be sentenced to death. Mandela was one of several accused of sabotage at the Rivonia Trial in October 1963. Here, the police produced evidence of a campaign of sabotage planned at Rivonia HQ. Mandela, who knew he was facing a life sentence no matter how good his defence, gave in and admitted to planning acts of sabotage and helping to set up MK. This courtroom was also the setting of his four and a half hour statement, which some said was a ‘milestone in South African history’. Mandela was inevitably handed his life sentence along with some other defendants. But, with Mandela in jail, couldShow MoreRelatedThe Ending of White Minority and Nelson Mandela Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ending of Wh ite Minority and Nelson Mandela In 1948, the Apartheid system officially started. A Dr. Malan introduced it. He established the structure of Apartheid because he exclaimed different races could not live amongst each other in harmony and needed to live separately. Some might argue it was because he wanted to secure the supposed superiority of the White minority. It ended within 50 year of starting. This essay is going to explain how Nelson Mandela, onceRead MoreHow Far Has the Importance of Nelson Mandela in the Ending of Apartheid Been Exaggerated?1748 Words   |  7 PagesHow far has the importance of Nelson Mandela in the ending of apartheid been exaggerated? It can be argued that the importance of Nelson Mandela in the ending of apartheid has been greatly exaggerated. Apartheid ended due to a combination of long term and short term events. The ANC represented the main opposition of apartheid while protests and rebellions caught the attention of the world, international sanctions put pressure on the south African government and something had to be done before theirRead MoreGender Based Violence And Intimate Partner Violence Bring1380 Words   |  6 Pagesintimate partner violence bring. The spread of HIV/AIDS in South Africa is one of the biggest problems that come up through gender-based violence. Different women’s and feminist organizations are attempting to fight against these problems such as the risk of sexual abuse and the epidemic of HIV/AIDS. Since the destruction of apartheid, South Africa and South Africa’s government have gone through a massive metamorphosis. South Africa is said to have one of the best const itutions in the world,Read More The Role of Nelson Mandela and President De Klerk in Bringing about the End of Apartheid in South Africa2222 Words   |  9 Pagesthis was a social system enforced by white minority governments in twentieth-century upon those of ethnic minorities in South Africa. Under apartheid, the black majority was segregated, and was denied political and economic rights equal to those of whites, this had become a distressing daily routine for the Africans. Therefore in 1991 when De Klerk announced the end of Apartheid, this was a momentous moment for the whole of South Africa and an event, which shall be rememberedRead MoreWhat Did The Choice Of Nation Building And Reconciliation Help South Africa Avoid A Pending Civil War?1502 Words   |  7 Pagesdid the choice of nation-building and reconciliation help South Africa avoid a pending civil war from 1990-1994’ INTRODUCTION The early 1990s in South Africa marked the start of a process leading to the official end of an oppressive and discriminatory apartheid regime. The period was characterised by sporadic bouts of political intolerance and indecisiveness leading to clear moments of political frustration between the opposition (the minority parties like National Party, AWB, Freedom Front Plus)Read MoreWhat a hero is1160 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone who possesses these ideal traits is not an easy task to take on, but one person definitely comes to mind. Living in a time where apartheid was accepted and white minority rule it was Nelson Mandela who stood up and decided it was time for a change in South Africa. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born July 18th 1918 in Transkei, South Africa into a family with royal parentage (Williams). His father was the principal counsellor to the Acting King of the Thembu people; he died in 1930 leaving the youngRead MoreCelie Rourks . English 1 - 7Th Period. 05-01-17. Research1606 Words   |  7 PagesPeriod 05-01-17 RESEARCH PAPER Who was Nelson Mandela and how did he have an impact on racial problems in South Africa? Nelson Mandela INFORMATION: Nelson Rohihlahia (stirring up trouble) Mandela was born on 18 July 1918, near Umtata, in the Transkei region of South Africa. His father was Chief Henry Mandela of the Tembu Tribe. Mandela was trained to become the next chief to rule his tribe, but he was also a determined student and eventually joined an all black college, Fort Hare, where heRead MoreGke 1 Task 21300 Words   |  6 PagesNelson Mandela was known as a world leader for his role in fighting apartheid and being the first multi-racial president of South Africa. His presidency created a significant change in the perception and building of a multiracial society in South Africa and around the world. Nelson Mandela was also known to be a leader of a civil rights organization known as the African National Congress. The purpose of the African National Congress was to demolish racial segregation and discrimination. The two mostRead MoreThe Apartheid Of Nelson Mandela And Many Others1566 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutionaliz ed racism in South Africa, was ended in 1994. The Afrikaans word apartheid means separateness, and during the period of the apartheid, people were classified and separated into different racial groups where the civil and human rights of non-whites were curtailed. Although apartheid started in 1948, the roots of inequality were presented years before as a result of Dutch and British control. Both countries colonized South Africa in order to control South Africa’s lucrative and generallyRead MoreNelson Mandela was the Man Who Changed South Africa Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesHow could a man become president of such a strong country after being imprisoned for nearly three decades and being a minority race? His name was Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. He is a true inspiration to those who hear his story. Starting out as nothing more than a black man and ending as a person whose name is heard and recognized all over the world is something that just briefly explains Nelson Mandela’s life. As a true anti-apartheid Nelson Man dela did wonders for equality with much power even when

Organ Trafficking - 1137 Words

Organ Trafficking Organ trafficking is one of the great issues that is faced by the society today. It is a practice of stealing people’s organ through surgery under the influence of drugs or from a dead person, and the organs are normally sold in black market such as China. South Africa, and Russia. WHO has estimated that one-fifth of the 70,000 kidneys that are transplanted every year come from the black market through a widespread organ-trafficking networks. In my opinion, organ trafficking has become an international trade due to several reasons. First of all, an organ trafficking market has created due to remarkably high demand for body parts from all over the world. Many people refuse to donate their organs even after they die has†¦show more content†¦* Every hospital has a tout. In fact, the doctors or nephrologists will often suggest a person that you can contact to get a kidney. They charge up to US$10,000. * The recipients were wealthy clients in India and other countries. Some of them were from Greece, Arab countries, United States and one or two patients from European countries. Opening sentence: Organ trafficking is the practice of stealing peoples organs via surgery while they are under the influence of drugs, or once the person is dead, when the organs can be illicitly removed and then used for further purposes such as transplants or sold on the black market such as in China, South Africa, and Russia. Thesis statement: Organ trafficking has become international trade due to several reasons. Topic sentence 1: A remarkably high demand for body parts has created organ trafficking market. But wherever there is demand there is a market. Supporting detail 1: With the advent of organ transplantation more than thirty years ago, the human body has quickly created a demand for replacement parts. Supporting detail 2: The global demand for organs has surpassed organ donation in most cases, thus creating a market economy of organ trade. Supporting detail 3: With the scarcity of consensual organ donors worldwide, aShow MoreRelatedOrgan Trafficking2239 Words   |  9 Pagestheir turn to receive an organ from an organ donor posthumously. Often patients won’t survive to see their name rise to the top of the list, this is the fear that organ traffickers feed on. In many places around the world one can purchase organs, which are often taken from the poor and helpless through trickery and coercion by international rings of traffickers. But why is it that with all the advancements in modern medicine, demands for replacement kidneys due to organ failure continues to riseRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Organs1564 Words   |  7 PagesTrafficking Human Organs The trafficking of human organs is on the rise and black market operations are happening under everyone’s nose. Currently there are more than 120,000 people who are on the waiting list for a lifesaving organ. Among these people waiting for their transplant approximately twenty-five people will die each day waiting for their number to come up (Perry, 2016). According to the World Health Organization there is only about ten percent of organ transplants being met through theRead MoreOrgan Trafficking Speech955 Words   |  4 PagesORGAN TRAFFICKING SPEECH Good afternoon, my name is __________ and I’m here to talk to you about a massive problem. A massive problem which unfortunately we’re still letting this happen. While listening to this speech, you might think this is the typical speech anyone who really didn’t care about this matter, could give, but I believe this matter concerns everyone, and that I’ve got the enough reasons to convince you about that, to change your mind. Do you want to take part in changing thisRead MoreOrgan Trafficking Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagestotal, Im worth about $300,000 on the organ market. The organ trade is one of the fastest growing and least enforced trafficking crimes throughout the globe today (Glazer 341). Sarah Glazer claims in Organ Trafficking that 5,000 to 10,000 of the 100,000 transplanted organs are obtained illegally each year (341). Although the laws passed and organizations founded have delayed the escalation of organ trafficking, the selling and distribution of compensated organs should remain illegal and suppressedRead MoreOrgan Trafficking Essay1099 Words   |  5 Pagespieces and parts or in its entirety, organizations will pay top dollar for the human body, even after it houses the human spirit. Throughout history, civilizations have found uses for the bodies, organs and tissue of the dead. The potential for the human cadaver is ever-expanding. â€Å"Since 1954, human organs have been successfully transplanted into living recipients who would otherwise die.† (Ranee Khooshie Lal Panjab) Modern researchers use cadaver tissue to study physiological processes and conductRead MoreOrgan Trafficking Law2609 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Organ Trafficking – Law Organ transplantation is an effective therapy for end-stage organ failure and is widely used around the world. According to WHO, kidney transplants are carried out in 91 countries. Around 66 000 kidney transplants, 21000 liver transplants and 6000 heart transplants were performed globally in 2005. The access of patients to organ transplantation varies to the national situations, and is determined by the cost of healthcare, the level of technology advance and the availabilityRead MoreThe Problem Of Organ Trafficking2906 Words   |  12 PagesOrgan Trafficking Lithuania UNODC Sabrina Torres PART 2: BACKGROUND INFORMATION Organ trafficking is a vicious cycle in which the ideals of cultures are mixed in as well as the economic technicalities of the crime mix in. It can be defined as â€Å"the phenomenon when a third party recruits, transports, transfers, harbors, or receives a person, using threats (or use) of force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or abuse of authority or a position of vulnerability for the purpose of removing thatRead MoreThe Problem Of Organ Trafficking1520 Words   |  7 PagesOrgan trafficking is becoming progressively more common around the world. The donor list becomes longer every day with people in need of a transplant. There are over 120,000 people in the United States alone on the kidney transplant waiting list (National Kidney Foundation, 2016). People on the waiting list are having to wait for a live donor (who wants no monetary gain) to donate a kidney, or they are waiting for someone to die. Nonetheless, many people are unwilling to donate an organ while livingR ead MoreEssay on Human Organ Trafficking1283 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Organ Trafficking There are many problems with global crimes. What holds these crimes together isn’t because people around the world are committing the same crimes, it’s because these criminals have created global organizations that have ties in all the corners of the world. These groups work just like normal business do, exporting and importing goods to gain profit. However, unlike normal businesses their goods are illegal such as drugs and often inhumane such as trafficking humans. EvenRead MoreOrgan Trafficking : A Large Problem1446 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal organ trafficking has become a large problem all over the world. The traffickers are commonly attacking the poor and promising them money but it never ends up being the correct amount. Commonly doctors and pharmaceutical companies overlook the illegal trade of the organs because they receiving money from the transplants. Organ trafficking takes place in three broad categories. The first one is organ traffickers will force or trick the individual into giving up an organ. Secondly the victim

Traditional Gender Roles Of Women Essay - 2229 Words

Traditional Gender Roles Gender Roles are the set of behavioral and social norms that are considered to be appropriate for people of a specific sex. These are not universal norms and vary amongst different cultures. While there are definitely biological differences between males and females, genders are more so constructed by society. Gender roles are constantly changing and vary in different cultures. For hundreds of years, babies of both sexes wore white dresses until they were 6 years old. Then in 1918 society decided that pink was the appropriate color for baby boys and blue was the color for baby girls. It wasn’t until 1940 that the colors switched to the current trend and blue became the color for boys and pink for girls. This is one of many examples of the ever-changing gender roles of men and women. Another example is cheerleading. In the late 19th century cheerleading was invented by a man named Johnny Campbell at the University of Minnesota. It was considered to be a masculine sport and some of America’s great presidents, Ronald Reagan, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Franklin Roosevelt were all cheerleaders. It wasn’t until the 1930’s that women started to participate in the sport and not until the 1960’s that it became a female-dominated sport. There are four basic types of traditional gender stereotypes. The first is personality traits. Traditionally, men are to be strong, courageous, dominant, and assertive while women are to be modest, nurturing, domesticated, andShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Traditional Gender Roles On Women1625 Words   |  7 PagesCouldn’t she have been contempt in the tower? Why did a Prince charming have to save her, when Princess Charisma was just as brave enough as her brother? Moral of the story why did the princess have a prince rescue her. Women can do the same as a man can. Traditional gender roles in relationships have been around for years and years. They have been an outline for most heterosexual relationships. The man brings home the bacon and the woman cooks it. That’s how it is always been, but what about homosexualRead MoreWomen s Traditional Cultural Values Of Gender Roles1333 Words   |  6 Pagestrafficking is a heinous crime and a horribly profitable business which aff ects hundreds of millions of people every year worldwide. In Nepal, women and girls are more often trafficked than men, either within the country or to brothels in India. They make easy prey because of the poor economic status of many Nepalese citizens and the fact that most women and girls in Nepal do not have education and are completely illiterate. Traffickers are able to abduct them from their lives and trap them, threateningRead MoreTraditional Gender Roles During The United States835 Words   |  4 Pagesand Sarah (1998) examined traditional gender roles among men and women in the United States as well as in Mexico. The study revealed distinct differences between traditional gender roles perceptions held by Americans and Mexicans. The authors state that family settings in Mexico have been characterized by a dominance of the husband. The women are expected to make sacrifices for the sake of their families. They engage in household chores while the men are tasked with the role of providing income to theRead MoreThe Impact Of Television On Television1402 Words   |  6 Pagestelevision is that there is a gapping representation between men and women. There has been a significant underrepresentation of women in television. In 1967, 24% of characters on television comprised of women and then in 1996, this number increased to 43%, and later decreased to 38% in 1998 (Signorielli and Bacue, 1999). New data from a study done by the Center for the Study of Women in Television Film found that across platforms, women comprised of 42% speaking characters (Lauzen, 2017). Therefore,Read MoreGender Roles : The And Care Givers Of The Family Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesFrom an early age, most people, rather male or female are taught which roles they play in life. Men are commonly known, to be the provider and safety net for a family. While commonly, women are known to be the nurtures and care givers of the family. Each of these pre-conceived notions are defined to b e labeled as gender roles. A position played by a person of a certain gender, based off of past history, family orientation, environment and many other things. Female qualities are methods that our wayRead MoreGender Roles Of The Indian Society1344 Words   |  6 Pagesus. In this process, families are introduced to certain roles that are characteristically connected to their birth sex. The term gender role refers to society s concept of how men and women are projected to behave. These roles are typically founded on customs or standards, fashioned and often enforced by society. In many cultures such as in the United States, male roles are usually related with power, and governance, while female roles are usually associated with passivity, fostering, and subordinationRead MoreBefore Diving Into The Current State Of Male Roles In Advertising,1322 Words   |  6 PagesBefore diving into the current state of male roles in advertising, it is necessary to review past gender stereotyp es and how they have developed in the past. Looking at advertising through the media from a social determinist standpoint, the existing cultural and social values and progresses are what determine how gender roles are portrayed in media. This would go against the cultivation theory notion that the media used to portray men and women are what shape our cultural and social ideologiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Children s Television1306 Words   |  6 Pagesto their gender roles (Signorelli, 2001). The more time viewers spend with television the more likely their conceptions about the world and its people will reflect what they see on television (Signorelli, 2001). Through pursuing an experiment and reading the findings of Signorelli (2001), we can conclude that children’s television shows convey the traditional ideas of gender roles for women but these gender roles are slowly shifting from traditional to non-traditional. Some traditional stereotypesRead MoreThe Con fusion Of Today s Culture1246 Words   |  5 Pagesconfusion in today’s culture about â€Å"roles† in marriage compels us to understand what unique responsibilities various cultures assign to a wife. With this, many cultures place a special emphasis on the headship granted to the husband and the role of subordination belonging to the wife. In various places, men have authority over their wives, in law and in practice. Modern values such as gender equality may be at odds with some traditions, one example being a traditional jewish marriage, which is basedRead MoreGender And Non Care Related Careers1128 Words   |  5 PagesFouand, a psychiatrist from the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, â€Å"surveyed 5,300 women who earned engineering degrees within the past six decades. Only 62 percent of the respondents were working in an engineering field. Those who left the field ascribed problems to workplaces being unfriendly, hostile to women, and lacking in â€Å"opportu nities for women†¦ advance and develop† (Fleur). Careers themselves do not have genders, but are given â€Å"male† or â€Å"female† categories by people collectively based on various

Project Management Plan Integration Processes

Question: Discuss about theProject Management Plan for Integration Processes. Answer: Description of Appropriate Organizational Documentation for Recording Strategies and Goals for Integration Processes The documentation of the strategies and goals for the integration process is important for reviewing the performance of the project after the process of integration is complete. The strategies and goals can be used to develop the project scope management, manage the execution of the project, monitoring of the project activities involved in the project as well as controlling them in order to achieve the desired goals (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra 2013). At the end this documentation also helps in the controlling the integrated change. Development of Project Management Plan A project management plan is considered as the formal document which is approved by all the stakeholders involved in the project to manage the execution of the project. This document is records the necessary actions and resources that need to be integrated, prepared and coordinated in the several planning activities. The Documents that Should be Included in the Project Management Plan The documents that needs to be included in a project management plan are listed below, Cost management plan which is to be generated from, cost estimation process. Risk management plan document that will be generated from risk management planning. Quality management planning document and process improvement planning both of them will be generated from quality management planning (Young 2013). Staffing management planning document generated from the human resource planning. At last the procurement management planning document from the process of plan purchase and acquisition of the plan (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra 2013). References Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013.Operations management: processes and supply chains. New York: Pearson. Young, T.L., 2013.Successful project management(Vol. 52). Kogan Page Publishers.

Age Of Miracles By Karen Walker Thompson †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Age Of Miracles By Karen Walker Thompson. Answer: Julia is a sensitive eleven-year-old girl who is experiencing a lot of changes around her at the same time. She lives in California near the coast. The Slowing is something that has altered the lives of everyone on the planet. The plot of The Age of Miracles by Karen Walker Thompson shows the effect of a natural problem has on everyone through the eyes of an adolescent young girl. The Earth has slowed down, meaning that every notion everyone has about the concept of days and nights or the twenty four hour format of a whole day is rendered immaterial overnight (Walker). Day and night both grew longer and experts announce that this phenomenon would have staggering effect on every other natural event: crops would be affected massively and the slowing would prove to be devastating for the worlds food supply. Julia and her best friend Hannah learn about the earths change from the television and Julia experiences a whirlpool of changes right after this (Walker). The gravitational pull of the planet changes and birds begin to die due to that. While everything of the planets functions change, it seems that even humans and their behavior are also affected by the sudden slowdown of the earths rotation. Everyone receives the news and reacts to it in different ways. Panic reigns all around and justifiably so. One of the most interesting things of the novel is the contrast in the behavior of Julias parents. Julia describes her mothers behavior as overdramatic at times and that she overstates almost everything or that she talks about god awful things on a regular basis (Walker). She, while going out once to the grocery store in the morning learns about the slowing of the planet and upon arrival to the house lets the others know as well. Helen panics and starts to think what would happen or what effects may this new natural problem on the lives of the people. She cannot sit properly and has to drink whiskey in order to calm herself down. On the other hand, Julias father, Joel is as calm as one can be. He is a doctor who delivers babies. To him, concluding upon anything with a good and wide source of proof is something that seems to be a bearer of flawed results. He stays calm and watches what the news reporters, the scientists, the experts on different matters all say about the slowdown (Walker). However, he remains calm throughout the news presentations and asks Helen to do the same as being panicky would not be helpful anyhow. He even says that Julia should not be watching the TV as it may have negative effects on her and make her thinking or judgement clouded. He does act and seem very practical, but at times it hits as if like being too emotionless. He pleads to his daughter to stop thinking about it and insists on her to come outside the house and play soccer with him. Julias mother gets annoyed with Joel as she thinks he is not taking things seriously and his calm makes her uneasy. She asks him not to go to work that day and stay home with his family. But Joel, being cynical of the entire condition and skeptical about its effects, brushes off her request and goes to work anyhow. He holds his responsibilities over anything else that shows his moral strength in comparison to his wife. He calmly tries to explain to his family that things are unlikely to change so drastically (Walker). Helen, remains unconvinced by her husbands assurances and starts to prepare for a calamity nonetheless. She stocks up on flashlights and starts storing food. Joel does not think too much about the slowdown and even works double shifts because most of the staff at the hospital where he works do not show up. When he comes back home and learns that Julia knows about the death of the woman at the hospital he genuinely becomes upset, which shows his nature to protect his dau ghter from any sort of disturbing news. The difference in their attitude and reception of the news made the relationship between Julias parents eventually turn into something bitter and her mother started to become more and more annoyed with him. While Julias father was cynical at first, he quickly accepted the change and tried to adapt to the change as soon as possible, making the transition as smoothly he could, her mother accepts the change but denies to adapt accordingly. Joel seems much more practical and receptive, as well as adaptive, in a calm way, trying to understand what is going on. Julias mother is much more rigid and full of tension and panics (Walker). The contrast between the character of the two people is established through their behavior and their perceptions on the matter of the earths slowing down. References Walker, Karen T. The Age of Miracles.

Tips For Using Instructor Class Evaluation Essay Samples

Tips For Using Instructor Class Evaluation Essay SamplesIf you're looking for some instructorclass evaluation essay samples, you should know that there are more of them online than in the classroom. If you've been thinking about writing a school report, teacher's evaluation, or anything else, now is the time to begin. Here are some things to consider.You're probably wondering what this all means for you. Well, if you are, then you'll be able to take some actions to help you decide which methods work best for you. If you're looking to write a report or teacher's evaluation, you may want to consider taking a look at some internet site instructor's class evaluation. You'll find lots of different methods and tips for you to choose from. Some are free, while others can cost you money.However, you should also consider other places on the internet that offer different techniques. There are also teacher's evaluations available online, as well as school report articles. You may be able to rea d reviews of the more common ways of teacher's evaluation. Regardless of where you choose to look, it's a good idea to check out different tips, strategies, and methods before choosing the one that works best for you.Instructorclass evaluation essay samples may be useful in several ways. One, they show you some method of evaluating teachers. They give you ideas and approaches to evaluate your instructor. It gives you an opportunity to talk about your teacher and how you feel about him. Your instructor is your teacher, after all, so this will help you relate to him better and connect with him on a deeper level.You may also feel more confident when you're trying to make decisions about the methods you're going to use to make a decision. The teacherclass evaluation might be something that you can go over at length. In addition, it will give you a starting point for talking about the teacher with your friends, family, and colleagues. This can open up a lot of dialogue, which can lead to more decision making about your instructor.After you're done, you'll be in a much better position to make sure your teacher is really as good as he says he is. That's important, and the feedback may make you feel more comfortable with the instructor and your teaching career. You'll also be able to identify what needs to be improved, which can lead to you making improvements in yourself and your own teaching career. It's good to get feedback in this way, and teacher's evaluation essay samples give you this kind of opportunity.Although it's a good idea to find online sites that offer you the best ideas and techniques, you should also consider the differences between instructors who have taught before and those who haven't. The instructor who's been in the business for a long time is likely to know a lot about what works. There's a good chance that his techniques will be unique to the teaching profession. But you don't want to choose the first instructor you find online. You need to m ake sure that he or she is qualified and well-trained to help you become the best teacher you can be.If you're considering teaching, then these things are important to remember. In addition, you need to consider the different methods that are out there. Make sure you research different ways to make you a better teacher. Then you'll be ready to help your students succeed.

Prince Essays (1237 words) - Philosophy, Italian Politicians

Prince Machiavelli was an Italian historian, statesman, and political philosopher, whose amoral, but influential writings on power building have turned his name into a synonym for cunning and duplicity. I personally feel he is a genius. Niccolo Machiavelli was born on May 3, 1469, in Florence, Italy. He eventually became a man who lived his life for politics and patriotism. Right now, however, he is associated with corrupt, totalitarian government. The reason for this is a small pamphlet he wrote called The Prince to gain influence with the ruling Medici family in Florence. The political genius of Niccolo Machiavelli was overshadowed by the reputation that was unfairly given to him because of a misunderstanding of his views on politics. Machiavelli's life was very interesting. He lived a nondescript childhood in Florence, and his main political experience in his youth was watching Savanarola from afar. Soon after Savanarola was executed, Machiavelli entered the Florentine government as a secretary. His position quickly rose, however, and was soon engaging in diplomatic missions. He met many of the important politicians of the day, such as the Pope and the King of France, but none had more impact on him than a prince of the Papal States, Cesare Borgia. Borgia was a cunning, cruel man, very much like the one portrayed in The Prince. Machiavelli did not truly like Borgia's policies, but he thought that with a ruler like Borgia the Florentines could unite Italy, which was Machiavelli's goal throughout his life. Unfortunately for Machiavelli, he was dismissed from office when the Medici came to rule Florence and the Republic was overthrown. The lack of a job forced him to switch to writing about politics instead of being active. His diplomatic missions were his last official government positions. When Machiavelli lost his office, he desperately wanted to return to politics. He tried to gain the favor of the Medici by writing an essay of what he thought were the Medici's goals and dedicating it to them. And so The Prince was written for that purpose. Unfortunately, the Medici didn't agree with what the book said, so he was out of a job. But when the public saw the book, they were outraged. The people wondered how cruel a man could be to think evil thoughts like the ones in The Prince, and this would come back to haunt him when he was alive and dead. However, if the people wanted to know what Machiavelli really stood for, they should have read his "Discourses on Livy," which explain his full political philosophy. But not enough people had and have, and so the legacy of The Prince continues to define Machiavelli to the general public. A few years later the Medici were kicked out of Florence. The republic was re-established, and Machiavelli ran to retake the office he had left so many years ago. But the reputation that The Prince had established made people think his philosophy was like the Medici, so he was not elected. And here the sharp downhill of his life began. His health began to fail him, and he died months later, in 1527. Machiavelli had been unfairly attacked all of his life because of a bad reputation. But it only got worse after he died. He was continually blasted for his "support" of corrupt ruling. In fact, Machiavellian now means corrupt government. Only recently has his true personality come to light. The world must change it's vision of the cold, uncaring Machiavelli to the correct view of a patriot and a political genius. Throughout his career Machiavelli sought to establish a state capable of resisting foreign attack. His writings are concerned with the principles on which such a state is founded, and with the means by which they can be implemented and maintained. In, The Prince he describes the method by which a prince can acquire and maintain political power. This study, which has often been regarded as a defense of the despotism and tyranny of such rulers as Cesare Borgia, is based on Machiavelli's belief that a ruler is not bound by traditional ethical norms. In his view, a prince should be concerned only with power and be bound only by rules that would lead to success in political actions. Machiavelli believed that these rules could be discovered by deduction from the political practices of the time, as well as from those of earlier periods. Machiavelli first states that power is the dominant mark of the state, and the politician is an actor which, "must be a skillful pretender and dissembler,

In Classroom Learning is better than Learning Alone

In Classroom Learning is better than Learning Alone Introduction Learning is arguably the most important activities that human beings engage in. It is through learning that we are able to acquire new knowledge and skills. It can therefore be said that learning is integral for the development of the society. Due to the importance of learning, many societies have come up with formal institutes where learning takes place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on In Classroom Learning is better than Learning Alone specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These institutes include schools where students attend and gain information on a wide variety of subjects. However, learning can also take place when an individual looks for new material and engages in learning alone. There is disagreement over whether learning alone or learning in a classroom is most beneficial. This paper will argue that learning in a classroom is superior to learning alone and it should therefore be the primary mode of learning employed by our society. A Case for Classroom Learning Students are able to benefit from each other when they learn in a classroom setting. Paduraru notes that in the traditional classroom environment, students are able to interact with the teacher and their classmates (par. 2). This interaction makes it possible for the student to benefit from cooperative activities such as group work and class discussions. Students can learn from each other and benefit from discussing difficult concepts with each other. In addition to this, students are more motivated to learn when other individuals who are also engage in the same learning surround them. Paduraru declares that the learning atmosphere created in the classroom setting leads to higher levels of focus and motivation for the student (par. 3). All students are able to demonstrate better learning outcomes because of the inter-student interaction promoted by classroom learning. Contact with the teacher in classroom learning lead s to better learning outcomes for the student. Teachers are a very important part of the learning process since they act as informative guides. With their skills, they are able to direct the student in their learning efforts. The face-to-face interaction between student and teacher increases the grasp of the student. Paduraru declares, Some students need constant reassurance that what the do is correct and that they are going in the right direction (par. 2). The teacher is able to offer this reassurance and provide the feedback that the student needs to have confidence in his learning. Interaction with the teacher also increases the concentration level of the individual. Students are likely to pay more attention to learning when they are instructed through face to face interaction. When this happens, their learning experienced is not only better but also faster than in alone learning. Classroom learning leads to greater commitment to the learning efforts. A person is therefore able to gain in-depth knowledge on the subjects being studied.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Learning requires a significant amount of time to be dedicated to the activity. Classroom learning is well structured and the teacher has a program of what the students should learn. Paduraru elaborates that traditional classrooms provide students with a â€Å"fixed schedule and specific periods dedicated exclusively to learning† (par. 5). In alone learning, a person engages in learning in an erratic manner. In most cases, only a small amount of time is dedicated to learning leading to poor results. The structured nature of classroom learning also ensures that no relevant subject matter is neglected. The student is required to read on different topics at specific times. The student is therefore forced to read on all the scheduled topics even if he/she is not fond of them. This ha s the merit of enabling the student to gain knowledge even in subjects that do not interest him/her. The classroom environment increases the interest of students in the learning activity. Interest is very important in the continued participation of a person in any task. When learning, a person is likely to become disinterested in this activity. When this happens, he/she will not gain the benefits attributed to learning. When learning alone, it is hard for most students to remain interested in the activity. In classroom learning, the teacher can use various strategies to increase interest. Weimer suggests, a good question can pique their interest, make them wonder why, get them to think, and motivate them to make connections with the content (par. 3). The individual is also prompted to commit to memory what has been learned. This is achieved when the teacher takes steps to promote recalling. Weimer suggests that the classroom setting promotes preparation in the student especially if the teacher quizzes the students on previous lessons (par. 6). When this occurs, students are prompted to come to class well versed with the information of the previous classroom session. Arguments in Support of Learning Alone A great advantage of learning alone is that it allows a person who does not have access to formal education institutes such as a school to learn. A person must be able to attend a school in order to learn in a classroom. While most people are able to access these facilities, some might lack the means to do so. This leads to many people being prevented from learning and benefiting from attaining an education. Malcolm X shows that with personal learning, a person is able to open up a new world and attain the benefits of learning (2). This is true since access to learning facilities is not assured for everyone. However, a person engaging in alone learning is unable to achieve high levels of education. The lack of structure in alone learning makes it impossible f or the individual to gain great expertise in a particular topic.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on In Classroom Learning is better than Learning Alone specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alone learning makes it possible for a person to overcome any social restrictions to his learning. In some cases, society might prevent certain people from learning. This was the case for Sherman who states that we were Indian children who were expected to be stupid† (13). In such an environment, the classroom learning is downgraded and a person cannot attain any meaningful education. Through alone learning, the individual is able to attain a higher level of learning by reading books with relevant information. It is true that in a discriminatory society, a section of the population might be denied of their right to learn. When such a thing occurs, alone learning might provide greater knowledge that classroom learning. However, eve n in such a situation, classroom learning is necessary for the individual to gain perspective of his learning progress. The individual is able to tell of his progress by comparing his abilities with that of the other students. Sherman reveals that he was able to read Grapes of Wrath in kindergarten when other children are struggling through Dick and Jane' (13). Without the classroom learning, he would not have been motivated to keep reading and achieve success in his life. A person is able to acquire more expansive and unbiased information through personal learning. As it is, there is a vast amount of information that a person can learn independently. In the classroom setting, the students learning is confined to the topics that the teacher chooses. In most cases, information is interpreted in the way that the school administration wants. There is therefore a lot of bias when presenting some information. This is not the case when learning alone since a person can read from various s ources. Malcolm X reveals his horror when he learnt about the brutality of slavery through his own reading (4). He had not been able to receive information about the horrors of slavery in his classroom learning years. It is true that classroom learning is prone to bias by the teacher or the school administration. However, learning alone is also prone to individual bias. An individual is likely to read more on the topics that interest him and favor authors who express beliefs similar to his own. Malcolm X admits that while reading philosophy, the Oriental philosophers were the ones I came to prefer (6). This demonstrates that bias is present in both along learning and classroom learning. Conclusion This paper set out to argue that classroom learning is better than alone learning. To reinforce this claim, the paper has highlighted the many advantages accrued from classroom learning. They include greater motivation and interest in learning, and acquisition of in-depth information.Adver tising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The paper has also highlighted some of the advantages of alone learning and proceeded to show their weaknesses. The best learning method is one that gives the best results by enhancing the learning outcomes of the individual students. From the arguments provided in this paper, it is clear that classroom learning is the superior form of learning. It should therefore be promoted and made use of by learners all over the world. Malcolm X. Learning to read, The Autobiography of Malcolm X MALCOLM X. NY: Grove Press, 1965. Print. Paduraru, Carmen. The Advantages of Traditional Classroom Learning. Jan. 2006. Web. https://classroom.synonym.com/advantages-traditional-classroom-learning-7964781.html. Sherman, Alexie. â€Å"The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me.† Los Angeles Times 19 April 1998. Print. Weimer, Maryellen. 10 Benefits of Getting Students to Participate in Classroom Discussions. 15. Feb. 2011. Web. https://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/teaching-and-learning/10-be nefits-of-getting-students-to-participate-in-classroom-discussions/.

The Null and Alternative Hypothesis for The Piggy Bank Options Essay

The Null and Alternative Hypothesis for The Piggy Bank Options - Essay Example Online purchasing is a rising trend in the purchasing behavior of the world population since more people are becoming online users. As of 2006, there were over 1.1 billion online users worldwide. In the United States in the fiscal year 2006, the total e-commerce sales were $106 billion, while the US total retail sales were $3,905 (Plunckett Research, 2007). Online sales to retail sale ratio are 0.027 or 2.7%. This data still does not clear up the purchasing tendencies since the second product offering is sales of clothing. In the same year, 2006, in the United States the overall clothing sales were $214.3 (Plunckett Research, 2007). So far the data provided gives us a better view of how to set up a null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis to create a hypothesis test for the Piggy Bankcard incentive problem. A statistician sets up a null hypothesis in order to test a claim. In reality, the statistician knows there is a more viable solution than the null hypothesis, thus the goal of the test is to reject the null hypothesis in order to go with the alternative hypothesis solution. The market research data could make a person think that considering that total clothes expenditure in the US is double than the US online sales then the most likely scenario is that it is better to go with the clothing store incentive. This is all the data needed to create a null and alternative hypothesis. The null and alternative hypothesis for the Piggy Bank options is illustrated below: Null Hypothesis (Ho) – (U1-U2) = 0.

VOLUNTEERING AT LOCAL AFRICAN COMMUNITY(Reflective portfolio ) Essay

VOLUNTEERING AT LOCAL AFRICAN COMMUNITY(Reflective portfolio ) - Essay Example To a great extent, I feel that I was ideally suited for this volunteering opportunity. Since my childhood, I had been a gregarious and community oriented person, who felt comfortable in groups comprising of individuals with diverse cultural and ethnic background. In fact I found such an environment really educative and stimulating. So, when I got a chance to work as an administrative assistant with the West Midlands Somali Association, I instinctively knew I had made the right decision. While serving with this organization, I expected to get a firsthand experience, as to how young people of Somali origin felt like being in the UK? What were the administrative, social, cultural and financial problems that aided or inhibited their integration into the essentially British mainstream? Besides, I was curious to know that whether it was pragmatic to categorize all the Black people as one monolithic group and assume that they faced the same problems, or whether their existed subgroups among st the African community in Birmingham , which faced problems that were specific to their culture, origin and community (Kyambi 2005)? The objective was to approach the given opportunity with an open and receptive mindset, so as to extend maximum assistance and to seek ample insight, knowledge and experience. Contribution Made to the Aims and Objectives of the Organization I really feel proud and glad to realize that during my time spent with the West Midlands Somali Association, I was able to make immense contribution to the aims and objective of the organization in the following ways: Office Paper Work One of the main objectives of the organization was to coordinate and collaborate with the local government bodies and charities to seek maximum assistance for the education, entertainment and integration of the local Somali youth (Rutter 2006). The job involved ample paper work as filling forms, filing reports, sending mails, etc. Besides, the young people who sought assistance from the attached organizations like Relief4Africa, British Yemini Project, SOVA Midlands Area Office, London Somali Youth Forum, or needed employment or housing were required to deal with ample paperwork, which they found immensely cumbersome because of their lack of proficiency in the English language (Save the Children 1994). At West Midlands Somali Association, my services proved to be of immense help in that context. I not only helped in the regular office paperwork, but also assisted and guided the young people with soliciting and filing the necessary forms and affidavits. Health As per my first hand experience, the Somali community in Birmingham faced many health related issues. The young people not only faced many diseases related to poor nutrition, but also psychological issues like anxiety disorders and depression (Ingram 2009). Besides, they also faced barriers to access to health facilities, not only owing to language problems, but also owing to a lack of trained volunteers and interpreters who could pass them on the exact and sometimes culturally sensitive information pertaining to their health problems. In that context, my language skills and knowledge turned out to be of immense help. In a way, I acted as a guide and interpreter, who served as a facilitator between the local health workers and authorities and the young people facing health

Gender Discriminations as Portrayed in Budd Schulberg’s “On the Waterfront” Essay Example for Free

Gender Discriminations as Portrayed in Budd Schulberg’s â€Å"On the Waterfront† Essay Literary forms reflect most of the time social conditions and scenario. This is because most writers have the gift of being sensitive to their surroundings. A lot of writers have already wrote about the pains of war, the stories of success, and criticisms about the existing flaws of the society. When narrating about war, writers never forget to touch the topic of patriotism. When it is a story of success that they want to write, they always incorporate the keys to success. However, when criticizing the society, most writers focus often on two themes: the struggles between the wealthy and the poor and gender discrimination. For example, in Budd Schulberg’s â€Å"On the Waterfront†, gender criticism is one of the compelling themes the author has presented and embedded in the story. However, unlike other gender-based novels, ‘On the Waterfront† does not mainly focus on one gender but tackles both criticisms pointing to males and females. The novel suggests that gender-defined roles damage both gender along with greed for power. Criticisms on Women In the society that Schulberg has created, the D and D society, women seem to be victims of double jeopardy. Here the women are being discriminated in two levels. First, they are abused as being women in general and second, they are abused by their own society led by Johnny Friendly. In the novel, women already experience household violence, specifically coming from their husbands or other members of the family. For example, Edie, has experienced to be limited by his own father. It could be remembered that Edie’s father wants her to continue pursuing college: â€Å"But Pop, Ive seen things that I know are so wrong. Now how can I go back to school and keep my mind on on things that are just in books, that-that-that arent people living? † Although one way of empowering women is to educate them, it is more empowering for them to follow their own will and not be dictated by others. Edie’s decision to stay in Brooklyn to search the truth behind the death of his brother could be considered as more rewarding than to attain a degree in college. Her father, on the other hand, might not be aware of what he did. Nevertheless, his action could be considered an act of limiting the rights of women to think and act on their own. Criticisms Against Men Clearly, the novel shows more cases of criticisms and abuse against men than women. Unlike women, men in the D and D society are not victims of two-level criticisms. However, the abuse they experience seems to be as heavy as the abuse those of women. In their society, those who are in power mainly abduct their rights—the members of the mob-connected union, particularly their leader Johnny Friendly. The novel clearly shows how the rights of men to live and to speak the truth were violated. They are not simply hurt physically; they lose their lives once they go against the union. But Schulberg did not stop on that; he even explored the psychology of how men hurt each other’s feelings. For example, one of the biggest conflicts in the story is the dispute between siblings Terry and Charley: â€Å"You dont understand. I coulda had class. I could have been a contender. I could have been somebody, instead of a bum, which is what I am, lets face it. It was you, Charley. † (Shulberg p. 266) These lines from Terry clearly shows that it was indeed a hard life for people to live having dispute with their family. Greed for Power Aside from gender criticisms, another theme that is present in â€Å"On the Waterfront† deals with the greed for power. In the story, Schulberg clearly shows how man can become a monster just to achieve a power comparable to that of a god. This universal truth, in reality, also damage both gender. Being greed for power could push a person, regardless of gender, to commit actions that violate both the law and morality. In the novel, killing people and oppressing them just to remain in power is one vivid example. Johnny Friendly, together with other members of the union, is evidently guilty of it: â€Å"You want to know whats wrong with our waterfront? Its the love of a lousy buck. Its making love of a buck— the cushy job— more important than the love of man! † (Schulberg p. 225). These lines from one of the characters in the novel is an attempt to verbalize the problem with the D and D society. People are so absorbed on how to gain power over other people. Thus, one effective way to do this is to gain an incredible amount of money. In summary, â€Å"On the Waterfront† tries to capture forms of abuse that are a result of greed and the need for power. The novel clearly shows, through the character of Johnny Friendly, how man can be blinded by his constant pursuit for money and power. Generally, it is the greed for wealth that a person could lose his sense of what is right and what is wrong. To dream of becoming rich is not a bad dream. It is in the nature of man to look for ways on how to improve himself and his condition. But when the dreamer let himself to be carried away by the grandiosity of wealth, the dream will suddenly turn into a nightmare. As a result, greed for money and power both damage men and women. Both are threats to the rights and freedom of people. Moreover, it is a stain of our society, Work Cited Schulberg, Budd. On the Waterfront. Pennsylvania: Continuum Intl Pub Group, 1985

Bejamin Franklin -- A Life Of A Great Man Essay -- essays research pap

Benjamin Franklin During the period after America's "birth" there were many incredible people but none more so than Benjamin Franklin. Ben is considered one of America's greatest citizens. He accomplished many things in his lifetime; he was a scientist, an inventor, a politician, a printer, a philosopher, a musician, and an economist. In the 1700s, a scientist was someone who thought about the way things work and tried to figure out ways to make things work better. Every time Ben Franklin saw a question and tried to answer it, he was a scientist. Ben is most famous for his questions about electricity, but he also experimented with many other ideas in nature. Ben did many studies on electricity, not just lightning. Franklin received an electricity tube from his friend Peter Collinson and began to play around with it, performing a vast amount of experiments (FISM). However, it is Ben's interest in lightning that is best remembered. Ben hypothesized that lightning was an electrical current. To test his theory he needed to see whether or not lightning would pass through metal. So he attached a metal key to a kite and flew it in a storm. His experiment proved that lightning was a stream of electrified air, known as plasma (Lemay) Ben realized that lightning was immensely powerful, so he invented the lightning rod. After Franklin did many studies with lightning and electricity, he realized it was a very powerful force. It was this that motivated him to invent the lightning rod. The lightning rod is a piece of metal attached to a building, house, boat, etc. When lightning strikes the building the rod will attract it and channel the electricity down to the ground where it will do much less damage. This invention has help protect buildings of today greatly. In 1743, Ben Franklin was watching a storm move in. He wondered why the storms were moving the opposite direction from where the wind was blowing. Franklin believed that a storm course could be plotted. Ben chased the storm on horseback  ¾ of a mile to see how it worked. He later printed weather forecasts in his almanac (FISM). In his travels across the Atlantic Ocean he became interested in ocean currents and shipbuilding. He measured temperatures on each of his eight trips to Europe and eventually plotted a Gulf Stream. Ben was one of the first people to work on gulf streams (FISM). In November... ... seventeen, he was a fully skilled printer able to work in any print shop. With this skill, Ben was able to leave Boston and find work in both Philadelphia and London. In 1728, at the age of twenty-two, Franklin opened his own printing office in Philadelphia. He published a newspaper called The Pennsylvania Gazette and his annual Poor Richard's Almanac (Esmond). He published cartoons and illustrated news stories, and letters to the editor. He believed in the power of the press, using his printing press as a way to bring the news to all people. He used cartoons and pictures so that everyone could understand the news, especially to people who had not learned to read. In 1731, Franklin set up the first ever circulating library where people could checkout books so they could read even if they couldn't afford to buy books (FISM). Ben Franklin had many other ideas about our nation. His essays and books about the economy help shape it to what it is today, he strictly believed in hard work. There was no shortage of that in his life; Benjamin Franklin is clearly one of America's greatest citizens. We honor him as one of our founding fathers and his face is on the one hundred-dollar bill.